One reason business owners of successful companies put off exit planning is they don't know when to start. There is one simple answer; every business owner should have an exit plan regardless of his or her age or the stage of the company.
Exit plans are not just for pre-retirement business owners. Unlike their parents, who typically stayed in one business for their entire lives, younger entrepreneurs are more comfortable with the idea of buying and selling businesses. As a result, these younger entrepreneurs need exit plans as much as their parents do.
The bottom line is that in successful companies, business owner can never start the exit planning process too early.
Sophisticated investors like venture capitalists who fund start-up companies will not invest in a business unless they believe the founders have a good exit plan. Private equity groups will not buy or invest in a successful middle-market company without developing a detailed exit plan for themselves before investing.
Why do these sophisticated investors believe in exit plans?
They know firsthand that in successful companies unless an exit plan is in place, there is no strategic road map to ensure that all of the goals of the stakeholders are met. They have learned through experience that without a detailed strategic exit plan, they are much less likely to achieve their objectives.
In successful companies the more time a business owner has to design and implement an exit plan, the better. In an ideal world, business owners should develop their exit plan when they start their businesses.
If that hasn't been done, the exit planning process should begin at least three years before the business owner ultimately wants to exit.
Why such a long lead time? Let's start at the owner’s final departure from the company and work backward to understand when he would need to start.
First, let’s assume the owner’s ultimate exit strategy is to sell the company to a third-party buyer (approximately 70 percent of business owners ultimately elect this strategy.) In contrast to selling publicly traded securities, no liquid or efficient market exists for privately held companies.
While there is a very active market for private successful companies, a great deal of time and effort is required to "package" the company for sale, identify and contact the right buyers, and then negotiate and close the transaction.
Depending on the type of business broker or investment banking firm engaged to sell the company it may take between 6 and 18 months to sell a privately owned company. This period can be even longer if the client has unique structuring requirements or other issues that limit the universe of potential buyers.
In addition to this, keep in mind that even after the transaction is closed, in most of the successful companies buyers want the former business owner to continue to play a role in the company as an employee, consultant, or advisor. This transition period can last anywhere from several months to as long as several years. I work to make sure my clients understand that their actual exit will occur between 6 and 12 months after the closing depending on the length of the transition period.
Perhaps most importantly, remember that one of the goals of the exit plan is to maximize the value of the company at the time of sale. Many value-enhancement projects take time to implement and even more time to show results. Value enhancement really pays off when you can demonstrate concrete results to buyers.
Given the above I advise business owners to begin the exit planning process at least three years before they want to completely exit the business.
Exit Planning Timetable (in Reverse Order)
- Transition Process 1 year or more (after a sale)
- Investment Banking/Sales Process 1 year – 3 years
- Implementation of Value Enhancement Plan 6 months -24 months
- Prepare Exit Plan 3 months – 12 months